ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TOOLS AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON STUDENTS’ ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE IN TERTIARY INSTITUTION

Abstract

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has significantly transformed teaching and learning, research, and assessment in higher education. The rapid adoption of AI-powered tools such as ChatGPT, Google Gemini, Microsoft Copilot, Grammarly, QuillBot, and adaptive learning platforms has significantly influenced teaching and learning processes in tertiary institutions worldwide. This paper examined artificial intelligence tools and their influence on students’ academic performance in tertiary institutions. The purpose was to discuss the concept of artificial intelligence, commonly used AI tools among students, the positive and negative influences of AI on academic performance, challenges associated with AI adoption in higher education, and strategies for promoting the ethical and effective use of AI technologies. The paper adopted a descriptive review approach by synthesizing findings from recent empirical studies conducted in Nigeria. Evidence from the reviewed literature indicates that AI tools improve students’ academic performance by enhancing personalized learning, increasing learning motivation, supporting academic writing, improving research efficiency, and providing immediate feedback. However, excessive dependence on AI may weaken critical thinking, reduce creativity, encourage academic dishonesty, and compromise the development of independent learning skills. The paper concluded that AI should complement rather than replace students’ cognitive efforts. It suggested, among other measures, that tertiary institutions formulate AI usage policies, train lecturers and students on responsible AI practices, redesign assessment methods, and integrate AI literacy into the curriculum to maximize its educational benefits.